从数字直达来源。
证据核查日期：2026年10月15日

每项数据均附适用范围与支持段落直达链接。PDF页码可能与印刷页码不同。来源链接并不能消除文件版本或科学上的不确定性。

记者、规划者及资助者可结合数据表、有日期的政策进程和来源库使用。机构基线、顾问预测及倡议立场回答不同的问题。

429 · 报告汇编记录
2023年汇编包含历史及区域记录，不是去重后的当前普查；鱼类第96至97行重复。
Conclusion, report p. 36 / PDF p. 37
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=37
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

7 · 海草
报告列出的中途滩海草。
Table 8-1; report p. 18 / PDF p. 19
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=19
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

14 · 大型藻类
报告列出的中途滩大型藻类。
Table 8-2; report p. 19 / PDF p. 20
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=20
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

5 · 红树植物
报告列出的加佐姆布岛红树植物。
Table 8-3; report p. 19 / PDF p. 20
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=20
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

10 · 海岸植被
报告列出的加佐姆布岛海岸植被。
Table 8-4; report p. 20 / PDF p. 21
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=21
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

139 · 经济鱼类
保留来源鱼类行，包括重复的第96—97行。
Table 8-5; report p. 21–24 / PDF p. 22
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=22
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

102 · 鸟类
中途滩及周边海岸；并非102种常住中途滩的鸟类。
Table 8-6; report p. 25–27 / PDF p. 26
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=26
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

7 · 海洋哺乳动物
槟城海域的记录；并非中途滩常住种群普查。
Table 8-7; report p. 28 / PDF p. 29
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=29
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

2 · 海龟
槟城海域的记录；并非已确认常住中途滩的两种海龟。
Table 8-7; report p. 28 / PDF p. 29
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=29
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

100 · 软体动物
报告列出的中途滩软体动物；保留来源名称与计数。
Table 8-8; report p. 29–31 / PDF p. 30
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=30
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

23 · 节肢动物
报告列出的中途滩海洋节肢动物。
Table 8-9; report p. 32 / PDF p. 33
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=33
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

20 · 棘皮动物
报告列出的中途滩棘皮动物。
Table 8-10; report p. 33 / PDF p. 34
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=34
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

≈65 ha · 地图所示海草床
历史地图面积，不代表当前实测生境范围。
Figure 6-1, report p. 16 / PDF p. 17; 649,532.60 m²
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=17
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

10.46 km² · 拟议保护区面积
指整个提议范围，区别于海草覆盖；属历史基线，并非已宪报公布的边界。
Table 5-1, report p. 10 / PDF p. 11; Figure 6-1, p. 16
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf#page=11
Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.

70 acres · 拟议填海
2025年2月12日于公众反馈期间公开的EIA版本所列提案面积，不是实测生境损失，也不证明当前已获批准。
Chapter 5, Table 5.1, p. 5.1 / PDF p. 1
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report/main/10.%20PLB%20-%20Chp%205.pdf#page=1
YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report

90 acres · 拟议垃圾填埋场修复
2025年2月12日于公众反馈期间公开的EIA版本所列提案面积，不是实测生境损失，也不证明当前已获批准。
Chapter 5, Table 5.1, p. 5.1 / PDF p. 1
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report/main/10.%20PLB%20-%20Chp%205.pdf#page=1
YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report

160 acres · 拟议项目总面积
2025年2月12日于公众反馈期间公开的EIA版本所列提案面积，不是实测生境损失，也不证明当前已获批准。
Chapter 5, Table 5.1, p. 5.1 / PDF p. 1
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report/main/10.%20PLB%20-%20Chp%205.pdf#page=1
YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report

70% · 假定防淤幕效率
属于模型假设，并非实测结果或保证；须审查邻近Middle Bank受体。
Chapter 7, p. 7.230 / PDF p. 230
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report/main/12.%20PLB%20-%20Chp%207.pdf#page=230
YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report

“slight” · 顾问预测的海草／保护区影响
附带条件的顾问评估，不是实测损害、独立重复验证或当前批准。
Chapter 7, p. 7.224 / PDF p. 224
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report/main/12.%20PLB%20-%20Chp%207.pdf#page=224
YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report

500 m · 土地利用研究半径
界定研究范围，不是已证实有效的生态缓冲带。
Chapter 6, Figure 6.52, p. 6.73 / PDF p. 73
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report/main/11.%20PLB%20-%20Chp%206.pdf#page=73
YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report

EN · 2024 · 大杓鹬：全球濒危
BirdLife评估；区域出现记录并不能说明当前本地数量。
Species factsheet; assessment year 2024
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/far-eastern-curlew-numenius-madagascariensis
BirdLife International. (2024). Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis species factsheet [Global IUCN Red List assessment, 2024]. BirdLife DataZone. Retrieved October 14, 2026.

DD · 两种所列鲎：数据缺乏
IUCN专家组摘要中的Tachypleus gigas与Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda；本地担忧与全球类别不同，DD不代表安全。
Specialist-group overview; no new assessment date inferred
https://iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-horseshoe-crab-specialist-group
IUCN SSC Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group. (n.d.). IUCN SSC Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 14, 2026.

2 · 2022 · 所引论文描述的海参新种
分类描述不证明特有性、种群大小或受威胁等级。
Zootaxa 5128(1), pp. 107–118
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.6
Teoh, V. Y. J., & Woo, S. P. (2022). Two new species of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the seagrass meadow of Penang, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 5128(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.6

10 Aug–9 Sep 2026 · 规划草案公示期
该公示期已结束，不证明规划已采纳或保护区已宪报公布。
Official final-draft publicity notice
https://www.planmalaysia.gov.my/epublisiti/article?id=978ee570-95f0-11f1-8ca8-005056b167b0
PLANMalaysia. (2026). Kajian Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2040 (Kajian Semula) peringkat laporan draf akhir [Publicity and public participation notice for the final draft of the Penang State Structure Plan 2040 review]. ePublisiti 2.0.

2 Mar 2026 · 5月8日报道的环评驳回
官方报道亦提到重新提交；未证明公开镜像就是该版本，也未确定当前批准状态。
Buletin Mutiara, 8 May 2026; attributed statement
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-to-decide-on-jelutong-landfill-rehabilitation-after-eia-rejection-says-exco-man/
Buletin Mutiara. (2026, May 8). Penang to decide on Jelutong landfill rehabilitation after EIA rejection, says exco man. https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-to-decide-on-jelutong-landfill-rehabilitation-after-eia-rejection-says-exco-man/

18 Oct 2026 · 8月13日报道的延长期限
有日期的官方延长报道；开展仍须符合环评批准及法律要求，不证明10月15日已批准。
Buletin Mutiara, 13 August 2026
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-prioritises-legal-compliance-before-deciding-on-jelutong-landfill-project/
Vimal, K. (2026, August 13). Penang prioritises legal compliance before deciding on Jelutong Landfill project. Buletin Mutiara. https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-prioritises-legal-compliance-before-deciding-on-jelutong-landfill-project/

列明日期的记录，也呈现尚待核实的问题
2026年5月8日: 报道申请被拒及重新提交
Buletin Mutiara报道州行政议员的说明：环境局于2026年3月2日拒绝申请，项目方其后更新技术资料并重提。截至5月8日，州政府尚未决定继续或终止项目。
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-to-decide-on-jelutong-landfill-rehabilitation-after-eia-rejection-says-exco-man/

2026年8月13日: 报道期限展延；EIA批准仍是条件
州政府官方媒体报道，期限延长至2026年10月18日。首席部长说明，是否推进仍须取得EIA批准并符合法律要求。所报道的展延并不能证明项目已获环境批准。
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-prioritises-legal-compliance-before-deciding-on-jelutong-landfill-project/

2026年9月9日: 规划草案公众咨询期结束
PLANMalaysia公告将最终草案公示与公众参与期定为2026年8月10日至9月9日。该期限已结束。公告本身不能证明规划已经批准、项目已获许可或保护区已经宪报。
https://www.planmalaysia.gov.my/epublisiti/article?id=978ee570-95f0-11f1-8ca8-005056b167b0

当前状态的限制：本版尚未核实之后的环境局决定函、展延文件、结构规划批准文件或已完成的保护区宪报。下列有日期的报道不能被视为实时批准状态。

本页EIA讨论依据的是在公众反馈期间于2025年2月12日向公众公开的版本，并通过公开镜像提供链接。其中项目面积、影响预测与模型假设均对应该版本。此日期表示向公众公开的日期，并非批准日期或报告修订编号。后续修订提交文件与决定记录须分别评估；本页不将此版本视为最新获批的EIA。

参考资料
Martin, B. C., Bougoure, J., Ryan, M. H., Bennett, W. W., Colmer, T. D., Joyce, N. K., Olsen, Y. S., & Kendrick, G. A. (2019). Oxygen loss from seagrass roots coincides with colonisation of sulphide-oxidising cable bacteria and reduces sulphide stress. The ISME Journal, 13, 707–719. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0308-5
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0308-5
研究在中途滩以外对两种海草开展；根尖效应并不证明整个海床的硫化物被移除。

Seagrass-Watch. (n.d.). What is seagrass? Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://www.seagrasswatch.org/seagrass/
https://www.seagrasswatch.org/seagrass/
教育参考资料，并非中途滩实地调查；本页未采用来源中的全球数值比较或阈值。

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (n.d.). Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:160634-3/general-information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:160634-3/general-information
植物学参考资料，并非中途滩植株实测；不能佐证报告中1.5米根深或世界最大的说法。

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2008). An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. https://www.fao.org/4/al936e/al936e00.pdf
https://www.fao.org/4/al936e/al936e00.pdf
概念指引，并非槟城家庭调查，也不测量海产供应、价格或营养状况。

Nordlund, L. M., Unsworth, R. K. F., Gullström, M., & Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. (2018). Global significance of seagrass fishery activity. Fish and Fisheries, 19(3), 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12259
https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12259
跨地区的专家调查，并非当地渔获普查；不能量化中途滩的上岸渔获、家庭依赖程度或特定生境的产量。

Unsworth, R. K. F., Nordlund, L. M., & Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. (2019). Seagrass meadows support global fisheries production. Conservation Letters, 12(1), e12566. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12566
https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12566
2018年在线发表，载于2019年期刊卷次。全球分析并非中途滩产量估计；利用海草不证明每个物种都必须依赖它，也不证明会补充成年渔获。

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2015). Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication. https://www.fao.org/4/i4356en/I4356EN.pdf
https://www.fao.org/4/i4356en/I4356EN.pdf
自愿性指引，并非马来西亚法律、保护区分区决定或槟城家庭调查；当地规则与影响须另有证据。

Yasin, Z. (2022, January 14). Tebing Tengah: Lindung laut buat masa depan. Penang Institute. https://penanginstitute.org/publications/suara-nadi/tebing-tengah-lindung-laut-buat-masa-depan/
https://penanginstitute.org/publications/suara-nadi/tebing-tengah-lindung-laut-buat-masa-depan/
这是机构刊载的公众文章，并非法律边界文件、当前普查或同行评审影响评估。地名不能界定拟议保护区的法律范围；数值主张须另附证据及日期。

Yasin, Z., Tan, A. S. H., Lee, A., Woo, S. P., & Razali, N. (2023). Protecting Penang’s marine biodiversity: Establishing the Middle Bank Marine Sanctuary (MBMS). Penang Institute.
https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Monograph_MBMS.pdf
汇集长期研究与2021—2022年调查的历史名录，并非2026年普查。鸟类记录包括周边海岸；哺乳动物与海龟记录涵盖更广的槟城海域。鱼类第96与97行重复列出Plicofollis platystomus，因此报告总数并非去重后的物种数。保护区与海草床面积不同，部分面积文字与百分比仍需核对。

Teoh, V. Y. J., & Woo, S. P. (2022). Two new species of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the seagrass meadow of Penang, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 5128(1), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.6
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.6
物种描述并非种群调查。新描述不必然意味着特有、数量丰富或仅分布于中途滩。

Reidenbach, M. A., & Thomas, E. L. (2018). Influence of the seagrass, Zostera marina, on wave attenuation and bed shear stress within a shallow coastal bay. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00397
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00397
物种、气候和海岸环境不同。其数值不能被当作槟城的实测保护效果或预测值。

Gallagher, J. B., Prahalad, V., & Aalders, J. (2021). Inorganic and black carbon hotspots constrain blue carbon mitigation services across tropical seagrass and temperate tidal marshes. Wetlands, 41, Article 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01460-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01460-3
核算假设与样本生态系统需审慎解释。本站不据此推算整个保护区的抵消量或年度固碳量。

Lavery, P. S., Lafratta, A., Nair, D., Ponnampalam, L., Ng, J. E., Fairul Izmal, J. H., Serrano, O., & Masqué, P. (2023). Blue carbon opportunities: Seagrass carbon storage and accumulation rates at Johor and Penang, Malaysia. Edith Cowan University and The MareCet Research Organization. https://doi.org/10.25958/zfxg-0y62
https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2022-2026/3187/
技术报告，并非期刊论文。将数值推广至海草床或保护区前，应审核采样条件、岩芯深度及空间覆盖。

Buletin Mutiara. (2025, November 19). 槟政府重视中途滩生态保护 孙达拉祖：宪报需策略推进 [State response on Middle Bank ecological protection and gazettement].
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/%E6%A7%9F%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%87%8D%E8%A7%86%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%BB%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4/
有日期的政策声明并非宪报文件，不能核实当前法律状态或所有相关项目批准。

Buletin Mutiara. (2026, May 8). Penang to decide on Jelutong landfill rehabilitation after EIA rejection, says exco man. https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-to-decide-on-jelutong-landfill-rehabilitation-after-eia-rejection-says-exco-man/
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-to-decide-on-jelutong-landfill-rehabilitation-after-eia-rejection-says-exco-man/
这是有日期的官方声明报道，并非环境局决定函。它未确认公开镜像的EIA就是被拒或重提的版本，也不能确定项目当前状态。请同时阅读8月13日的后续报道。

Vimal, K. (2026, August 13). Penang prioritises legal compliance before deciding on Jelutong Landfill project. Buletin Mutiara. https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-prioritises-legal-compliance-before-deciding-on-jelutong-landfill-project/
https://www.buletinmutiara.com/penang-prioritises-legal-compliance-before-deciding-on-jelutong-landfill-project/
这是8月13日所报道的州政府立场，并非批准文件或实时状态。本版尚未核实展延文件或之后的环境局决定。报道中另述的Penang Gateway不能被视为有关中途滩范围的测绘结论。

Protect Karpal Singh Drive Action Committee. (2026, September). Penang’s marine sanctuary plan undermined by structure plan’s reclamation clause. Aliran.
https://m.aliran.com/civil-society-voices/penangs-marine-sanctuary-plan-undermined-by-structure-plans-reclamation-clause
这是委员会立场的证据，并非对所有科学或规划主张的独立验证。所引2026年9月咨询期限已过。

PLANMalaysia. (2026). Kajian Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2040 (Kajian Semula) peringkat laporan draf akhir [Publicity and public participation notice for the final draft of the Penang State Structure Plan 2040 review]. ePublisiti 2.0.
https://www.planmalaysia.gov.my/epublisiti/article?id=978ee570-95f0-11f1-8ca8-005056b167b0
该公众咨询期已结束。公告不证明规划已经获批、项目已经批准或保护区已经宪报。具体规划条款与地图边界需核对完整官方草案，单独提供的摘录无法验证这些内容。

BirdLife International. (2024). Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis species factsheet [Global IUCN Red List assessment, 2024]. BirdLife DataZone. Retrieved October 14, 2026.
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/far-eastern-curlew-numenius-madagascariensis
全球灭绝风险等级不能确定中途滩当前数量、到访频率或当地种群趋势。专论中的本地出现记录与全球评估回答不同的问题。

IUCN SSC Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group. (n.d.). IUCN SSC Horseshoe Crab Specialist Group. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved October 14, 2026.
https://iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-horseshoe-crab-specialist-group
数据缺乏表示证据不足以评估全球灭绝风险，并不意味着安全。专论描述当地衰退，并使用“critically endangered here”的表述；这并非这两种鲎的全球IUCN极危等级。

Protect Karpal Singh Drive Campaign. (n.d.). Middle Bank sanctuary at risk: Reclamation vs. science. Retrieved October 14, 2026, from https://protect-middle-bank.pages.dev/ecosystem
https://protect-middle-bank.pages.dev/ecosystem
这是倡议观点，并非独立评估或当前批准记录。运动地图标注不能确定法律或栖息地边界，其数值主张需核对原始报告。

YES Bizs Sdn. Bhd. (2025). Environmental impact assessment for proposed landfill rehabilitation and land reclamation works for mixed development at Seksyen 8, Bandar Jelutong, Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang [Proponent-commissioned EIA; version made publicly available on 12 February 2025 during the public feedback period; public mirror]. Prepared for PLB Engineering Berhad. https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report
https://github.com/field05/PLB-EIA-Report
由项目方委托，并非同行评审研究，也未经核实为当前政府批准版本。预测假设防淤帘效率为70%，使用有日期的输入数据。表5.9与5.15的填料体积及材料描述不一致。500米土地利用调查半径并非已验证的生态缓冲区；位于“middle banks”不能证明与已绘制海草床重叠。边界、基线、累积影响及监测假设需独立审核。